Fungi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fungi - Essay Example Strains of two fungi, according to Enserink (2005:p.1531), called Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, have been found to kill mosquitoes. Several different strains of each fungus exist, and there is one to kill almost any insect species, says Christiaan Kooyman, who studies locust control using fungi, at Benin (as quoted in Enserink, 2005: p.1531). Kooyman adds that since mosquitoes are increasingly becoming resistant to chemical pesticides, new control tools such as biopesticides are necessary. Among the major groups of microbes, fungi and viruses are well known for causing dramatic epizootics (epidemic animal disease) resulting in rapid decline of insect populations (Hokkanen (Ed.). 2003: p.15). These agents, used for classical biological control, are expected to establish themselves in the environment, persist to survive and grow, and increase in density in response to increases in host population density. Dynamic interactions between the pathogen, insect host and environment influence the epizootics, and the efficacy of mycoinsecticides (Esser; Lemke, 2001: p.111). consumption, is not required as in infection caused by other entomopathogens such as bacteria, protozoa and viruses (Mukerji, et al, 2001: p.39). According to Kinghorn; Turner (1992: p.178), entomopathogenic fungi invade their hosts by direct penetration of the insect cuticle, a process that is likely to involve both mechanical pressure and enzymic hydrolysis. Another desired attribute is host-specificity (Eilenberg, et al, 2001, quoted in Hajek, et al, Hokkanen (Ed.). 2003: p.16). Whether organisms other than the target hosts remain unaffected by the fungal infection continues to be under research. Fungi infect a broader rangeof insects than do other microorganisms. The host ranges of some of the fungi, like Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae are very broad, and encompass most of the

Clinical Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Clinical Depression - Essay Example In men the symptoms are found to be depressed mood, loss of interest in activities that give enjoyment, changing appetite, feelings of guilt, helplessness, suicidal intention, loss of interest in career, changing jobs, etc In women the symptoms are found to be sudden loss and gain of weight, physical pains and aches, emotional behavior, crying etc. However the loss of appetite and feeing of sadness and suicidal ideation are found to be seen as common for both men and women. The website called Healthyplace.com [2006] has found that â€Å"While women may cry, become withdrawn and gain or lose weight, men may abuse alcohol or drugs, work or eat exclusively and or become violent to themselves or others, among other things† This clinical depression is otherwise called as the major depression. People get a feeling of sadness continuously. It seems to attack people of the age group 25-50. But recent studies over the topic says that it might people at any age. Clinical depression exists in an individual for about six to nine months. But if not treated it might take a long journey and leave such prolonged stay might attribute to the abnormalities in the body condition. The causes are found to be ambiguous, but scientists have analyzed that genetics, biological and psychological reasons could be added to the cause for depression. Stress is discovered to be the major cause for this disease. This stress might arise form an individuals’ social and occupational and other areas of functioning. The chance of psychological effect over the development of this disease seem to be less as there are other causes that might contribute to the disease. The biological reason is that of the dysfunction of the neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters transmit signals between the cells in the brains. The chemical imbalance that occurs in the neurotransmitters leads to the depression. The level of the neurotransmitters affects the mood of