An Overview of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

NGO stands for non-governmental organization and its function can vary widely from service organizations to human-rights advocacy and relief groups. Defined as an international organization that is not founded by an international treaty by the United Nations, NGOs work to benefit communities from the local to international levels.   NGOs not only serve as checks-and-balances for government  and governmental watchdogs but are crucial cogs in wider governmental initiatives such as relief response to a natural disaster. Without NGOs long history of rallying communities and creating initiatives around the world, famine, poverty, and disease would be a much bigger issue for the world than it already is. The First NGO In 1945, the United Nations was first created to act as an intergovernmental agency — that is an agency that mediates between multiple governments. To allow certain international interests groups and non-state agencies to attend the meetings of these powers and ensure an appropriate checks-and-balances system was in place, the U.N. established the term to define them as characteristically non-government.   However, the first international non-government organizations, by this definition, dated back well into the 18th century. By 1904, there were over 1000 established NGOs in the world fighting internationally for everything from the liberation of women and slaves to disarmament.   Rapid globalization led to the quick expansion of the need for these non-government organizations as shared interests between nationalities often overlooked human and environmental rights in favor of profits and power. Recently, even oversight with U.N. initiatives has given rise to an increased need for founding more humanitarian NGOs in order to compensate for missed opportunities.   Types of NGOs Non-governmental organizations can be broken down into eight different types within two quantifiers: orientation and level of operation — which have further been delineated into quite an extensive list of acronyms. In a charitable orientation of an NGO, investors acting as parents — with little input from those benefitting — help initiate activities which meet the basic needs of the poor. Similarly, service orientation involves activities which send in a charitable person to provide family planning, health, and education services to those in need but require their participation in order to be effective.   Conversely, participatory orientation focuses on community involvement in solving their own problems by means of facilitating the planning and implementation of restoring and meeting the needs of that community. Going one step further, the final orientation, empowering orientation, directs activities that provide tools for communities to understand the socio-economic and political factors affecting them and how to utilize their resources to control their own lives.   Non-government organizations can also be broken down by their level of operation — from hyper-localized groups to international advocacy campaigns. In Community-Based Organizations (CBOs), the initiatives focus on smaller, local communities while in City-Wide Organizations (CWOs), organizations like chambers of commerce and coalitions for businesses band together to solve problems that affect entire cities. National NGOs (NGOs) like the YMCA and NRA focus on activism that benefits people across the country while International NGOs (INGOs) like Save the Children and the Rockefeller Foundation act on behalf of the entire world. These designations, along with several more-specific quantifiers, help international government organizations and local citizens alike determine the intent of these organizations. After all, not all NGOs are supporting good causes — fortunately, however, most are.

Factors Influencing Online Shopping Behavior - 10058 Words

Factors considered by online consumers in making purchase decision on clothing Abstract This current study aims to provide a more holistic view of the factors that influence online shopping behavior in the clothing industry, by comparing the important criteria for purchase decisions between online shoppers and traditional shoppers. The factors that were examined include (1) Product variables: price, usefulness, quality and available information; (2) Seller attributes: trustworthiness, reputation and marketing strategies; (3) shopping experience: convenience, quality of service, design and ease of use; and (4) consumer factors: gender, socioeconomic status and attitude towards online shopping. A quantitative survey was conducted wherein 206 consumers have completed the questionnaire through convenience sampling. The results of the study showed that male online shoppers for clothes are significantly more than females, most of whom still prefer traditional shopping. Traditional and online shoppers have been seen to differ in the importance they give to product price, sell er credibility and marketing strategies, and purchase experience in terms of convenience, quality of service and ease of transaction, wherein online shoppers put more value on these factors in making their purchase decisions. In accordance to the technology acceptance model, the participants who have more positive attitudes towards online shopping are more likely to actually purchase their clothesShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review On The Field Of Online Shopping1187 Words   |  5 Pagesincludes reading research papers to get a clearer image of recent advancements in the field of Online shopping . In-fact we believe research is the most essential phase of our project because this is the first time we are working on this particular type of project and it’s a challenge for us. 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India retail industry is one of the fastest growing industries with revenue expected in 2007 to amount US$ 320 billionRead MoreOnline Shopping Research1286 Words   |  6 PagesON BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF ONLINE SHOPPERS SUBMITTED BY DEEPAK KUMAR SUBUDHI MBA SECTION-D 1225112407 INDEX Abstract Introduction Review of the literature Need of the study Objective of study Methodology Tools Findings Conclusion References Appendix Abstract: Online shopping is a developing industry. the value of sales through online is increasing day by day .If you observe the trend from the last 5years sales of online shopping increase from 10-25 percentRead MoreThe Electronic Commerce And The Internet818 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation through Internet. The Internet has created a new market for both customers and business firms, the firms has ability to target mass customers through the online market. Even though the current economic crisis caused by the consumption downturn, the volume of ectronic commerce is expanding rapidly. The volume of Internet shopping grew to the value of $348.6 billion in 2009 worldwide. It is anticipated to reach $778.6 billion, increasing by nearly 125%, in 2014 and hit $1 trillion by 2020 (Datamonitor

Medea And Chorus Essay Example For Students

Medea And Chorus Essay The exchange that takes place between Medea and the Chorus serves severalpurposes in Euripides tragedy, The Medea. It allows us to sympathize with Medeain spite of her tragic flaws. It also foreshadows the tragic events that willcome to pass. Finally, it contrasts rationality against vengeance and excess. The Chorus offers the sane view of the world to the somewhat insane charactersof Medea, Jason, and Creon. As the passage begins on page 176, the leader of theChorus reveals that she has high regards for Medea despite the fact that she issavage still. She acknowledges Medea as a foreigner and an outsiderand yet is sympathetic towards her. This alliance is apparently based on femalebonds rather than on any kind of national loyalty. Medea wastes no time beforeshe begins lamenting and cursing those who dared wrong me withoutcause. The Chorus tries to comfort Medea, hoping that this mightlessen her fierce rage / And her frenzy of spirit. They show realconcern for her well-being, as well as for the well-being of her loved ones. This unselfish attitude is in stark contrast to the attitudes of the maincharacters in the tragedy, who all seem to be extremely self-serving. So in justa few short lines, its already become apparent that while the chorus doesntnecessarily agree with the way that Medea is handling her situation, they aresticking by her and supporting her. This idea supports one of the importantthemes of the play: the battle of the sexes. Medea now has a chance to get a fewthings off her chest. She addresses the Women of Corinth, remindingthem that of all things that live upon the earth and have intelligence wewomen are certainly the most wretched. She discusses the sad lot thatwomen must deal with in marriage and again stresses the fact that she is anoutsider, alone, without / a city. Her speech is clever and compelling. Its a reminder that she is a very intelligent woman, certainly capable ofoutsmarting Jason or Creon. This leads us to her plot. She tells the Chorus thata woman is timid in other things, and is a coward in looking on coldsteel, but / whenever she is wronged in her marriage there / is no heart somurderous as hers. The Chorus responds to this by telling Medea that shehas the right to seek vengeance on her husband. This certainly foreshadows herplan to murder those who she feels have injured her. It also reveals her tragicflaw. She is excessive in her love for Jason and in her reaction to the loss ofhis devotion. This passage marks the last time that a civil exchange takes placefor quite some time. Much of the rest of the play is spent on bickering,begging, and bad-mouthing. Whether you view Medea as a femme fatale or a tragichero, her progression from pain to anger to violence is very representative ofhuman nature. Most humans are capable of the excessive behavior demonstrated byMedea; fortunately, most of us live more by the moderate and rational terms ofthe Chorus.